02-24-2009, 09:57 AM
2/5/07
Bhavna
The Genographic Project
This is a very interesting topic. A few years ago, National Geographic started the 'The Genographic Project' which is tracing human migration patterns based on DNA.
https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/geno...atlas.html
They postulate that there have been a number of genetic markers that have passed through India, starting with Haplogroup M* around 60,000 years ago. We have then had genetic migrations at:
- 50,000 years(Haplogroup C (M130) and Haplogroup D (M174)),
- 20,000 years (Haplogroup L (M20))
- 25,000 years (Haplogroup H1 (M52))
and all of this before arrival of the (so called) agriculturists 10-20,000 years ago (Haplogroup G (M201)-Haplogroup J) in the Indus valley.
Basically, I think, if you put most of the genetic groups in a blender - you get a South-Asian .
2/6/07
Anil
@ Bhavna
if you put most of the genetic groups in a blender - you get a South-Asian
Not true. South Asians are characterised by a group of South Asia-specific haplogroups. There simply isn't that much scatter in the haplogroup compositions of South Asians - the genetic distances for South Asians are *smaller* than that for East Asians (Mongoloids)!
But yes, South-East Asians and Australian aborigines could show traces of some of those haplogroups, as the migration east of India is believed to have happened through India. And, as we see now, Caucasians could also show traces of those haplogroups, having probably been derived from South Asians.
2/6/07
Bhavna
@ arun nanda
They have shown that the migration of Aborigines into Australia happened during an Ice-age 60,000 years ago, when there was a land bridge between Northern Australia and Asia via Indonesia.
2/7/07
Anil
^^^^^
That's very true.
This is actually a very fascinating question which draws on two virtually unrelated disciplines: anthropology / population genetics and geology.
Around 10,000 years ago (ie at the end of the last Ice Age), the sea level was around 120m lower than it is today. It has risen over the last ten millennia, at times catastrophically by several metres at once - and such events may well have given rise to the flood legends which occur in many completely diverse cultures too cut off from each other geographically to have had any cultural exchange.
The entire seaboard of India lost heavily during this period (called the Holocene Era), and there are more than one distinct flood legend in popular lore - there's that of Manu and, of particular relevance to us, is that of the Tamils which is supposed to have submerged most of their country till only peninsular India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives remained. This is described in the Sangam Literature. Even "Adam's Bridge" across the Palk Strait is supposed to have been passable by foot up to the 15th century CE.
So, yes, till about a couple of a thousand years ago, there probably was a contiguous land link from south India right up to Australia and, probably, further.
2/11/07
.ZangetsU.
@bhavna
If you look at the description closely ,its a guess and they too don't know if its true,also stupid linguistics are used to get those migration paths.
3/5/07
Nikhil
IVC script decoded ??
http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=352560&sid=FTP
interesting article. Dont know if its authentic or not!!
Does ne one know abt this international indology conference in Goa??
Is this an academic conference?
3/5/07
Azygos
I have posted it on the online resources too....The work is a hypothesis, and not yet universally accepted....What is solely important to us, is that a white german, not some desi hindu came up with it.
showing 71-80 of 81
3/5/07
Azygos
I am copy pasting a news report from the Indus Saraswati community, whose theme is basically the same as our discussion.
Progress Made In Studying Genetic Traits Of India
Despite the fact that the people of India constitute more than one-sixth of the world's entire population, they have been underrepresented in studies related to genetic diseases. And with the growth of modernization, complex genetic diseases associated with urban and western lifestyles have risen to near-epidemic proportions, making genetic cataloging and association studies of particular importance.
In response to this dearth of information, a team of researchers, including Pragna I. Patel, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC), and Noah Rosenberg, assistant professor in the department of Human Genetics at the University of Michigan, have conducted genetic analysis of India-born individuals in the U.S. Through their studies, they have begun to shed light on the genetic variations of the diverse population of India.
In a study published online in the journal PLoS Genetics, a peer-reviewed journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLoS), Patel and colleagues analyzed 1,200 genome-wide polymorphisms collected from 432 individuals representing 15 different Indian populations.
This study represents the largest study of Indian genetic variation performed to date, in terms of the total number of sites in the human genome that were surveyed.
The researchers found that populations from India, and more generally, South Asia, make up one of the major human ancestry groups, with relatively little genetic differentiation among the Indian populations. Although the study used participants that may not reflect a random sample from India, these results still suggest that the frequencies of many genetic variants are distinctive in India compared to other parts of the world.
3/5/07
Azygos
continued....
"We were struck both by the low level of diversity amongst people spanning such a large geographical region, and by the fact that people of the Indian sub-continent constituted a distinct group when compared to populations from other parts of the world," says Patel.
Her group is using this study as a foundation for future studies on the genetic basis of various common diseases in Asian Indians-such as heart disease, which is highly prevalent in this population. Individuals interested in participating in this study may see details at http://www.usc.edu/RICADIA.
###
The research group also includes other researchers from the USC Institute for Genetic Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine, the University of Michigan, the departments of neurology and molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and the Center for Medical Genetics at the Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin.
The study was funded by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences (Rosenberg), an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship (Rosenberg) and a grant from the University of Southern California. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute provided additional support for genotyping.
Noah A. Rosenberg, Saurabh Mahajan, Catalina Gonzalez-Quevedo, Michael G. B. Blum, Laura Nino-Rosales, Vasiliki Ninis, Parimal Das, Madhuri Hegde, Laura Molinari, Gladys Zapata, James L. Weber, John W. Belmont and Pragna I. Patel, "Low levels of genetic divergence across geographically and linguistically diverse populations of India." PLoS Genetics, Dec. 22: Vol. 2, No. 12. http://www.plosgenetics.org/.
Contact: Jon Weiner
University of Southern California
3/18/07
Azygos
The view of Witzel: prior to Y chromosomal analys
http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/%7Ewit...VS-7-3.pdf
Once genetic testing will have provided us with more samples of the (few not cremated) skeletal remains from contemporary burials and of modern populations we may be in a better position to judge the phsyical character of previous and modern populations. This
will become apparent even more, once not just mtDNA (inherited by females) but also the male Y chromosome (some of it likely that of immigrating tribesmen) will have been studied. Only then we will be able to tell which particular strains, corresponding to which neighboring areas,24 were present in the Northwest of the subcontinent at that time."
It is a fallacy to compare various Brahmin groups of India in order to establish a common older type. Brahmins, just like other groups, have intermarried with local people, otherwise how would some Newar
Brahmins have 'Mongoloid' characteristics, or how would Brahmins of various parts of India have more in common with local populations than with their 'brethren', e.g. in the northwest? Studies based on just one area and a few markers only, such as E. Andhra (Bamshad 2001) do not help much.
But, Witzel, wary of being caught by his canard washes his hands off the genetic evidence too...
In the end, to be absolutely clear, what counts is the Indo-Aryan culture, their social system, their texts, their rituals, and the frame of mind they brought into the subcontinent.
5/31/07
Anil
A parting shot (?)...
Who is better equipped to comment on this question than an anthropologist? That too someone like Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, who has studied this problem for decades and has inspected probably every damn skeleton found at a pre- or proto-historical archaeological site in the subcontinent?
Just how contemptuously dismissive he is of the notion of a foreign Iron Age race on the subcontinent is clear from the fact that he calls such a theory *unscientific*:
Kennedy KAR, "When the Wild Veddas Came to Edinbugh," in Kenoyer JM (ed.), "From Sumer to Meluhha: Contributions to the Archaeology of South and West Asia in Memory of George F. Dales, Jr." Wisconsin Archaeological Reports, Volume 3 (1994) pp 281-313, specifically 305
"The matter of using contemporary populations to make historical and archaeological arguments is not new in archaeology and biological anthropology, but circumstances pertaining to the Veddas are unique because history and myth continued to shape archaeological and anthropological interpretations for such a long time, until well after the mid-point of the twentieth century. Parallels of this nonscientific approach include the assumption that the mound-builders of North America were of a separate racial stock from historic native Americans, that the citadel and walls of Zimbabwe could not have ben constructed by earlier Bantu people of Africa, and that the Iron Age megalithic monuments of India and Sri Lanka were erected by some mysterious race of invaders from beyond the borders of the subcontinent."
PS: Veddas - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veddas
10/9/07
Anil
What at all did humans move out of Africa?
This question has been asked earlier: why did anatomically modern humans ever move out of Africa after having lived there for tens of millennia without having shown any inclination to move out, and into places as inhospitable as Siberia?
Some scientists appear to have found a possible answer to at least the first part of that question: a massive drought in Africa may have forced our ancestors to move out of Africa and explore "greener pastures" elsewhere. Apparently, there was another abortive attempt to emerge from Africa around 125,000 years ago.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/worl...icle2617296.ece
The paper being referred to is here:
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0703874104v1
4/24/08
Azygos
DNA evidence negates AIT/AMT
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip...6/06/24/&prd=th
4/30/08
Azygos
India acquired language but not genes
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/20...ndia_genes.html
5/23/08
Azygos
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG...78_p202-221.pdf
8/22/08
Anil
@ Nikhil - regarding Vrtra
We return to this thread again!
Regarding Vrtra and the battle between Indra and Vrtra, please have a look at the interpretation given by the Sri Aurobindo Kapali Sastry Institute of Vedic Culture:
http://www.vedah.com/org2/audio_vis/sele.../indra.asp
"This hymn to Indra, the Lord of the luminous Mind in the Veda, describes in detail the symbolic battle between Indra, the leader of the luminous devas and Vritra, the leader of the forces of ignorance and evil. The Rig Veda refers to this battle in many places. Some persons (like the guy in the article you pointed out, and even some scholars of considerable standing ) assert that this battle is fought between two opposing class. Examination of the epithets in all the fifteen mantras of this hymn and the fifteen of the next hymn confirming that the battle is psychological between the forces of good and evil. For instance the eighth verse refers to the waters mounting the mind which cannot make sense if we regard waters as physical. The benefit of this victory is the release of all the divine energies which are blocked by Vritra to the earth and the release of Soma, the Delight for all."
8/24/08
Anil
"India acquired langauge, not genes"
Umm...even that is questionable.
Examples are given of how Spanish and Portugese culture came to be widespread in South America, although the vast populations of native South Americans will not show any European genes. Or even how signs of Muslim culture / architecture / language will be found all over India, even though the contribution of the Muslim invaders to India's genetic pool is negligibly small. Or - this one is done to death - how Indians acquired the English language and culture although we don't have any genes from the English.
But there is a catch: in none of these instances do we find a near-complete replacement of the substrate language / culture for a sizeable segment of the population. For instance, the native South Americans continue to have their own mother tongues and cultures. After over 800 years of Muslim rule (and, in total, around a millennium of Muslim influence), the contribution of Arabic / Turkish / Persian etc to the languages of India is perhaps less than 3% of the vocabulary. And, inspite of its widespread usage, English is not the first language for Indians, leave alone English words having percolated the substrate. Besides, archaeologically speaking, the dramatic influx of a foreign culture is bleedingly obvious in all these instances. On the other hand, for millions of people, even in the remotest areas of India, the substrate language is overwhelmingly Sanskrit-derived. And archaeological evidence for ancient India only piles up on the side of indigeneous continuity, rather than any noticeable foreign contribution. So the model of IE culture- / language-transfer without transfer of genes for ancient India does not sound convincing. In private email conversation, Prof Richard Villems (Estonian Biocentre, University of Tartu) did point this fact out. Indeed, to my mind, persisting with the notion of foreign IE contribution looks increasingly like a case of intellectual inertia and, strictly speaking, unscientific.
showing 81-81 of 81
11/12/08
Anil
' "no one really knows how long ago there was a community that spoke Proto-Indo-European," ... [On the other hand, a] migration-free theory that assumes the continuity of all European and Asiatic populations from Paleo-/Mesolithic times is gaining consensus not only among prehistorians but also, and especially, among linguists. ... Overwhelming linguistic evidence â perfectly coinciding with the continuity evidence provided by archaeology â confirms this new thesis and, more generally, the advantages of the theory.'
--- Mario Alinei, Current Anthropology 2003, v. 44, pp. 109-110.
http://www.mediafire.com/file/3m0mziz3mds/Alinei and Frye in Current Anthropology 2003 44 109-110.pdf
Bhavna
The Genographic Project
This is a very interesting topic. A few years ago, National Geographic started the 'The Genographic Project' which is tracing human migration patterns based on DNA.
https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/geno...atlas.html
They postulate that there have been a number of genetic markers that have passed through India, starting with Haplogroup M* around 60,000 years ago. We have then had genetic migrations at:
- 50,000 years(Haplogroup C (M130) and Haplogroup D (M174)),
- 20,000 years (Haplogroup L (M20))
- 25,000 years (Haplogroup H1 (M52))
and all of this before arrival of the (so called) agriculturists 10-20,000 years ago (Haplogroup G (M201)-Haplogroup J) in the Indus valley.
Basically, I think, if you put most of the genetic groups in a blender - you get a South-Asian .
2/6/07
Anil
@ Bhavna
if you put most of the genetic groups in a blender - you get a South-Asian
Not true. South Asians are characterised by a group of South Asia-specific haplogroups. There simply isn't that much scatter in the haplogroup compositions of South Asians - the genetic distances for South Asians are *smaller* than that for East Asians (Mongoloids)!
But yes, South-East Asians and Australian aborigines could show traces of some of those haplogroups, as the migration east of India is believed to have happened through India. And, as we see now, Caucasians could also show traces of those haplogroups, having probably been derived from South Asians.
2/6/07
Bhavna
@ arun nanda
They have shown that the migration of Aborigines into Australia happened during an Ice-age 60,000 years ago, when there was a land bridge between Northern Australia and Asia via Indonesia.
2/7/07
Anil
^^^^^
That's very true.
This is actually a very fascinating question which draws on two virtually unrelated disciplines: anthropology / population genetics and geology.
Around 10,000 years ago (ie at the end of the last Ice Age), the sea level was around 120m lower than it is today. It has risen over the last ten millennia, at times catastrophically by several metres at once - and such events may well have given rise to the flood legends which occur in many completely diverse cultures too cut off from each other geographically to have had any cultural exchange.
The entire seaboard of India lost heavily during this period (called the Holocene Era), and there are more than one distinct flood legend in popular lore - there's that of Manu and, of particular relevance to us, is that of the Tamils which is supposed to have submerged most of their country till only peninsular India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives remained. This is described in the Sangam Literature. Even "Adam's Bridge" across the Palk Strait is supposed to have been passable by foot up to the 15th century CE.
So, yes, till about a couple of a thousand years ago, there probably was a contiguous land link from south India right up to Australia and, probably, further.
2/11/07
.ZangetsU.
@bhavna
If you look at the description closely ,its a guess and they too don't know if its true,also stupid linguistics are used to get those migration paths.
3/5/07
Nikhil
IVC script decoded ??
http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=352560&sid=FTP
interesting article. Dont know if its authentic or not!!
Does ne one know abt this international indology conference in Goa??
Is this an academic conference?
3/5/07
Azygos
I have posted it on the online resources too....The work is a hypothesis, and not yet universally accepted....What is solely important to us, is that a white german, not some desi hindu came up with it.
showing 71-80 of 81
3/5/07
Azygos
I am copy pasting a news report from the Indus Saraswati community, whose theme is basically the same as our discussion.
Progress Made In Studying Genetic Traits Of India
Despite the fact that the people of India constitute more than one-sixth of the world's entire population, they have been underrepresented in studies related to genetic diseases. And with the growth of modernization, complex genetic diseases associated with urban and western lifestyles have risen to near-epidemic proportions, making genetic cataloging and association studies of particular importance.
In response to this dearth of information, a team of researchers, including Pragna I. Patel, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC), and Noah Rosenberg, assistant professor in the department of Human Genetics at the University of Michigan, have conducted genetic analysis of India-born individuals in the U.S. Through their studies, they have begun to shed light on the genetic variations of the diverse population of India.
In a study published online in the journal PLoS Genetics, a peer-reviewed journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLoS), Patel and colleagues analyzed 1,200 genome-wide polymorphisms collected from 432 individuals representing 15 different Indian populations.
This study represents the largest study of Indian genetic variation performed to date, in terms of the total number of sites in the human genome that were surveyed.
The researchers found that populations from India, and more generally, South Asia, make up one of the major human ancestry groups, with relatively little genetic differentiation among the Indian populations. Although the study used participants that may not reflect a random sample from India, these results still suggest that the frequencies of many genetic variants are distinctive in India compared to other parts of the world.
3/5/07
Azygos
continued....
"We were struck both by the low level of diversity amongst people spanning such a large geographical region, and by the fact that people of the Indian sub-continent constituted a distinct group when compared to populations from other parts of the world," says Patel.
Her group is using this study as a foundation for future studies on the genetic basis of various common diseases in Asian Indians-such as heart disease, which is highly prevalent in this population. Individuals interested in participating in this study may see details at http://www.usc.edu/RICADIA.
###
The research group also includes other researchers from the USC Institute for Genetic Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine, the University of Michigan, the departments of neurology and molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and the Center for Medical Genetics at the Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin.
The study was funded by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences (Rosenberg), an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship (Rosenberg) and a grant from the University of Southern California. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute provided additional support for genotyping.
Noah A. Rosenberg, Saurabh Mahajan, Catalina Gonzalez-Quevedo, Michael G. B. Blum, Laura Nino-Rosales, Vasiliki Ninis, Parimal Das, Madhuri Hegde, Laura Molinari, Gladys Zapata, James L. Weber, John W. Belmont and Pragna I. Patel, "Low levels of genetic divergence across geographically and linguistically diverse populations of India." PLoS Genetics, Dec. 22: Vol. 2, No. 12. http://www.plosgenetics.org/.
Contact: Jon Weiner
University of Southern California
3/18/07
Azygos
The view of Witzel: prior to Y chromosomal analys
http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/%7Ewit...VS-7-3.pdf
Once genetic testing will have provided us with more samples of the (few not cremated) skeletal remains from contemporary burials and of modern populations we may be in a better position to judge the phsyical character of previous and modern populations. This
will become apparent even more, once not just mtDNA (inherited by females) but also the male Y chromosome (some of it likely that of immigrating tribesmen) will have been studied. Only then we will be able to tell which particular strains, corresponding to which neighboring areas,24 were present in the Northwest of the subcontinent at that time."
It is a fallacy to compare various Brahmin groups of India in order to establish a common older type. Brahmins, just like other groups, have intermarried with local people, otherwise how would some Newar
Brahmins have 'Mongoloid' characteristics, or how would Brahmins of various parts of India have more in common with local populations than with their 'brethren', e.g. in the northwest? Studies based on just one area and a few markers only, such as E. Andhra (Bamshad 2001) do not help much.
But, Witzel, wary of being caught by his canard washes his hands off the genetic evidence too...
In the end, to be absolutely clear, what counts is the Indo-Aryan culture, their social system, their texts, their rituals, and the frame of mind they brought into the subcontinent.
5/31/07
Anil
A parting shot (?)...
Who is better equipped to comment on this question than an anthropologist? That too someone like Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, who has studied this problem for decades and has inspected probably every damn skeleton found at a pre- or proto-historical archaeological site in the subcontinent?
Just how contemptuously dismissive he is of the notion of a foreign Iron Age race on the subcontinent is clear from the fact that he calls such a theory *unscientific*:
Kennedy KAR, "When the Wild Veddas Came to Edinbugh," in Kenoyer JM (ed.), "From Sumer to Meluhha: Contributions to the Archaeology of South and West Asia in Memory of George F. Dales, Jr." Wisconsin Archaeological Reports, Volume 3 (1994) pp 281-313, specifically 305
"The matter of using contemporary populations to make historical and archaeological arguments is not new in archaeology and biological anthropology, but circumstances pertaining to the Veddas are unique because history and myth continued to shape archaeological and anthropological interpretations for such a long time, until well after the mid-point of the twentieth century. Parallels of this nonscientific approach include the assumption that the mound-builders of North America were of a separate racial stock from historic native Americans, that the citadel and walls of Zimbabwe could not have ben constructed by earlier Bantu people of Africa, and that the Iron Age megalithic monuments of India and Sri Lanka were erected by some mysterious race of invaders from beyond the borders of the subcontinent."
PS: Veddas - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veddas
10/9/07
Anil
What at all did humans move out of Africa?
This question has been asked earlier: why did anatomically modern humans ever move out of Africa after having lived there for tens of millennia without having shown any inclination to move out, and into places as inhospitable as Siberia?
Some scientists appear to have found a possible answer to at least the first part of that question: a massive drought in Africa may have forced our ancestors to move out of Africa and explore "greener pastures" elsewhere. Apparently, there was another abortive attempt to emerge from Africa around 125,000 years ago.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/worl...icle2617296.ece
The paper being referred to is here:
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0703874104v1
4/24/08
Azygos
DNA evidence negates AIT/AMT
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip...6/06/24/&prd=th
4/30/08
Azygos
India acquired language but not genes
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/20...ndia_genes.html
5/23/08
Azygos
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG...78_p202-221.pdf
8/22/08
Anil
@ Nikhil - regarding Vrtra
We return to this thread again!
Regarding Vrtra and the battle between Indra and Vrtra, please have a look at the interpretation given by the Sri Aurobindo Kapali Sastry Institute of Vedic Culture:
http://www.vedah.com/org2/audio_vis/sele.../indra.asp
"This hymn to Indra, the Lord of the luminous Mind in the Veda, describes in detail the symbolic battle between Indra, the leader of the luminous devas and Vritra, the leader of the forces of ignorance and evil. The Rig Veda refers to this battle in many places. Some persons (like the guy in the article you pointed out, and even some scholars of considerable standing ) assert that this battle is fought between two opposing class. Examination of the epithets in all the fifteen mantras of this hymn and the fifteen of the next hymn confirming that the battle is psychological between the forces of good and evil. For instance the eighth verse refers to the waters mounting the mind which cannot make sense if we regard waters as physical. The benefit of this victory is the release of all the divine energies which are blocked by Vritra to the earth and the release of Soma, the Delight for all."
8/24/08
Anil
"India acquired langauge, not genes"
Umm...even that is questionable.
Examples are given of how Spanish and Portugese culture came to be widespread in South America, although the vast populations of native South Americans will not show any European genes. Or even how signs of Muslim culture / architecture / language will be found all over India, even though the contribution of the Muslim invaders to India's genetic pool is negligibly small. Or - this one is done to death - how Indians acquired the English language and culture although we don't have any genes from the English.
But there is a catch: in none of these instances do we find a near-complete replacement of the substrate language / culture for a sizeable segment of the population. For instance, the native South Americans continue to have their own mother tongues and cultures. After over 800 years of Muslim rule (and, in total, around a millennium of Muslim influence), the contribution of Arabic / Turkish / Persian etc to the languages of India is perhaps less than 3% of the vocabulary. And, inspite of its widespread usage, English is not the first language for Indians, leave alone English words having percolated the substrate. Besides, archaeologically speaking, the dramatic influx of a foreign culture is bleedingly obvious in all these instances. On the other hand, for millions of people, even in the remotest areas of India, the substrate language is overwhelmingly Sanskrit-derived. And archaeological evidence for ancient India only piles up on the side of indigeneous continuity, rather than any noticeable foreign contribution. So the model of IE culture- / language-transfer without transfer of genes for ancient India does not sound convincing. In private email conversation, Prof Richard Villems (Estonian Biocentre, University of Tartu) did point this fact out. Indeed, to my mind, persisting with the notion of foreign IE contribution looks increasingly like a case of intellectual inertia and, strictly speaking, unscientific.
showing 81-81 of 81
11/12/08
Anil
' "no one really knows how long ago there was a community that spoke Proto-Indo-European," ... [On the other hand, a] migration-free theory that assumes the continuity of all European and Asiatic populations from Paleo-/Mesolithic times is gaining consensus not only among prehistorians but also, and especially, among linguists. ... Overwhelming linguistic evidence â perfectly coinciding with the continuity evidence provided by archaeology â confirms this new thesis and, more generally, the advantages of the theory.'
--- Mario Alinei, Current Anthropology 2003, v. 44, pp. 109-110.
http://www.mediafire.com/file/3m0mziz3mds/Alinei and Frye in Current Anthropology 2003 44 109-110.pdf