purANa-s have the tendency to mention the following 5 major reasons for the origin of jAtI-s:
- anulom-vivAha: man of a varNa marrying a woman of a "lower" varNa (e.g. brAhmaNa a kshatrANI or a kshAtra a SUdrANI)
- pratilom-vivAha: man of a varNa marrying a woman of a "higher" varNa
- sankara-vivAha: - different jAti-s starting to intermarry, offspring being a new jAti
- samsakAra-bhraSTatAH: complete jAti being corrupted because of fallen samskAra-s
- jAti-bahiSkaraNa: people of a jAtI being expelled from it - because of not following its dharma - and making a new jAtI
on utpatti of mlechchha jAtI-s:
kshatra-vIryeNa SUdrAyA mR^tu-doSeNa-pApataH
balavatyo durantAshcha vabhUvur-mlechchha-jAtayaH
aviddha-karNAH krUrA-shcha nirbhayA raNa-durjayA
shauch-AhAra-vihInAshcha durdharSA dharma-varjitAH
from kshatriya vIrya and sUdra womb are born mlechchha-s,
in conception, mother being impure and father laden with pApa;
emerged jAti of people which are hardened, tough, strong, cruel, and vidharmI, without concern for cleanliness or proper eating
(Acharya Hajari Prasad Dwivedi vAngmay kosha)
- anulom-vivAha: man of a varNa marrying a woman of a "lower" varNa (e.g. brAhmaNa a kshatrANI or a kshAtra a SUdrANI)
- pratilom-vivAha: man of a varNa marrying a woman of a "higher" varNa
- sankara-vivAha: - different jAti-s starting to intermarry, offspring being a new jAti
- samsakAra-bhraSTatAH: complete jAti being corrupted because of fallen samskAra-s
- jAti-bahiSkaraNa: people of a jAtI being expelled from it - because of not following its dharma - and making a new jAtI
on utpatti of mlechchha jAtI-s:
kshatra-vIryeNa SUdrAyA mR^tu-doSeNa-pApataH
balavatyo durantAshcha vabhUvur-mlechchha-jAtayaH
aviddha-karNAH krUrA-shcha nirbhayA raNa-durjayA
shauch-AhAra-vihInAshcha durdharSA dharma-varjitAH
from kshatriya vIrya and sUdra womb are born mlechchha-s,
in conception, mother being impure and father laden with pApa;
emerged jAti of people which are hardened, tough, strong, cruel, and vidharmI, without concern for cleanliness or proper eating
(Acharya Hajari Prasad Dwivedi vAngmay kosha)