<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/ethnic_of_sakas.php
Important evidence regarding the population of the region in question is provided by materials from the archaeological work carried out in the <b>eastern Pamirs </b>under the direction of Bernshtam and Litvinskii, namely, the location and investigation of <b>burial mounds and other monuments of the seventh-first centuries BCE in the valleys of the Aqsu-Murghab, Alichur, and Pamir rivers in the vicinity of Lake Rangkul.</b> Most date from the f<b>ifth-third centuries BCE; t</b>he most recent (second-first centuries BCE) are concentrated in the eastern and southern sections of the area in which they appeared earlier. The material culture resembles that of the Sakas, `but this is decidedly not true of the anthropological data. <b>Like the modern inhabitants of the western Pamirs, the Sakas are primarily of the anthropological type characteristic of the Central Asian region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya.</b><!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->Western Pamirs are today Tadjik, that is Mongoloid. The culture is the same as the Pazyryk finds.<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin--><b>The population of the eastern Pamirs of the earlier period belonged to a completely different type, that of the eastern Mediterranean area. </b><!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->Eastern Med is code for Indo-Afghan.<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Therefore, anthropologists are in agreement that genetically these people are not related to the Saka tribes who inhabited the areas farther to the north: <b>their ties lie to the southwest, perhaps in the Hindu Kush and northern India, </b>and in all likelihood they are the <b>descendants of a more ancient local population.</b> In fact, although the modern population of Wakhan belongs to a different type, there is reason to believe that, at least in the last centuries BCE, a people of the same physical type and culture as the modern population of the eastern Pamirs lived there. As yet, there are no paleoanthropological materials on the given period from areas farther to the south, but <b>their modern population-the Kashmirians and Burashki of Hunza and Yasin in particular (the latter are direct descendants of the ancient Kaspians)-are representatives of the Indo-Afghan type, a modern variant of that predominant in the ancient population of the eastern Pamirs.</b> It is clear that the anthropological data coincide with the conclusions about the Kaspians (Kaspirs) presented in this article. <!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
In other words, The Hsiung Niu (mongoloid sakas) pushed back indo-afghan-kashimiri locals into Kushan territory.
There is also the comparatively more important cultural phenomenon that is the Kushans: the expansion of Buddhism into China.
Important evidence regarding the population of the region in question is provided by materials from the archaeological work carried out in the <b>eastern Pamirs </b>under the direction of Bernshtam and Litvinskii, namely, the location and investigation of <b>burial mounds and other monuments of the seventh-first centuries BCE in the valleys of the Aqsu-Murghab, Alichur, and Pamir rivers in the vicinity of Lake Rangkul.</b> Most date from the f<b>ifth-third centuries BCE; t</b>he most recent (second-first centuries BCE) are concentrated in the eastern and southern sections of the area in which they appeared earlier. The material culture resembles that of the Sakas, `but this is decidedly not true of the anthropological data. <b>Like the modern inhabitants of the western Pamirs, the Sakas are primarily of the anthropological type characteristic of the Central Asian region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya.</b><!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->Western Pamirs are today Tadjik, that is Mongoloid. The culture is the same as the Pazyryk finds.<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin--><b>The population of the eastern Pamirs of the earlier period belonged to a completely different type, that of the eastern Mediterranean area. </b><!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->Eastern Med is code for Indo-Afghan.<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Therefore, anthropologists are in agreement that genetically these people are not related to the Saka tribes who inhabited the areas farther to the north: <b>their ties lie to the southwest, perhaps in the Hindu Kush and northern India, </b>and in all likelihood they are the <b>descendants of a more ancient local population.</b> In fact, although the modern population of Wakhan belongs to a different type, there is reason to believe that, at least in the last centuries BCE, a people of the same physical type and culture as the modern population of the eastern Pamirs lived there. As yet, there are no paleoanthropological materials on the given period from areas farther to the south, but <b>their modern population-the Kashmirians and Burashki of Hunza and Yasin in particular (the latter are direct descendants of the ancient Kaspians)-are representatives of the Indo-Afghan type, a modern variant of that predominant in the ancient population of the eastern Pamirs.</b> It is clear that the anthropological data coincide with the conclusions about the Kaspians (Kaspirs) presented in this article. <!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
In other words, The Hsiung Niu (mongoloid sakas) pushed back indo-afghan-kashimiri locals into Kushan territory.
There is also the comparatively more important cultural phenomenon that is the Kushans: the expansion of Buddhism into China.