<b>Ravi>What is pertinent to our enquiry is the question of the identity of the foreigners for whom the Chinese use the term "Yueh-Chih". Further, from where did these Yueh-Chih penetrate into China?
Ravi> The IVC is spread through to Central Asia</b>
They indeed penetrated from the IVC itself. The Indian connection to C Asia has always been subsumed under such obfuscating terms as "Eastern Mediterranean" The antiquity of the Indo-Afghan type in C Asia is v deep. Hemphill:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->AAPA 2004
East of Eden, west of Cathay: An investigation of Bronze Age
interactions along the Great Silk Road.
B.E. Hemphill
..Results indicate that, despite identification as Europoid and
Mongoloid, inhabitants of <b>Yanbulaq</b> exhibit closest affinities to one
another. No one recovered from Yanbulaq exhibits affinity to Russian
steppe samples. Rather, the people of Yanbulaq possess closest
affinities to other Bronze Age Tarim Basin dwellers,<b> intermediate
affinities to residents of the Indus Valley, </b>and only distant
affinities to Chinese and Tibetan samples
___________________________________________________
..a craniometric study by B. E. Hemphill published in 2000 (after
Genes, Peoples, and Languages had presumably gone to press) indicates
that the Tarim Basin populations had a more complex ancestry than was
initially supposed. [/B]The earliest groups had their closest affinities
with populations from the Indus Valley, and the later ones exhibited
affinities with peoples of the Oxus River Valley of south-central
Asia, with both groups being considerably divergent from one another.
These results argue against a Russian steppe origin for the Tarim
Basin peoples..
___________________________________________________
Craniometric investigation of the Bronze Age settlement of Xinjiang
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2003
Brian E. Hemphill, J.P. Mallory
..Indus Valley samples (HAR, CEMH, and TMG) are located in the lower
left of this array and, once again, t<b>he earliest western Chinese
sample, Qäwrighul (QAW), is identified as possessing closer affinities
to Indus Valley samples </b>than to samples from any other region.
..all analyses of phenetic relationships consistently reveal a
profound phenetic separation between steppe samples and the samples
from the Tarim Basin (Qäwrighul, Alwighul, and Krorän).
..The results, however, fail to demonstrate even a low-level phenetic
affinity between Qäwrighul and either steppe samples or samples from
Oxus civilization urban centers.
..all results indicate that these later inhabitants of the Tarim Basin
manifest a unique affinity to Bactrians.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Additionally, there is a special relationship beteen Turmenistan and Harappans, where the Shakta temples have been located since deep antiquity.
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Hemphill:Â Indus Valley samples are identified as sharing slightly closer affinity to samples from Iran and Turkmenistan than to Bactrian samples.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Turkmenian samples from Geoksyur (GKS) and Altyn depe (ALT) serve as a phenetic link between Indus Valley samples (HAR, TMG, and CEMH) that feature the closest affinities to one another. <!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
>><b>It is quite possible that troops of Mongolian origin also joined the Huns!
If the two people are interacting it would not be unexpected for them to take Mongolian ladies as wives.</b>>>
Huns are MOngoloid.
>><b>Looking closer these areas are not the barren areas as portrayed by Western writers.</b>
<b>The Bactrian. Marghiana complex, NW of Afghanistan is quite fertile, and evidence of irrigation (canal complexes) goes back to the years 2000 BCE or so at least.</b>>>
Yes, Much more so than their darling Ukraine-W Russia which, contrary to perception, is one huge swamp. St petersburg is a case in point. Also nothing comparable to Bamiyan is to be found in darling Ukraine. There is no contest at all in terms of culture and power.
Canal complexes differentiated the Pontic Sindoi from their neighbors as well. Sinti is a later gypsy tribe. The Sindh (and maybe Jat) connection is obvious.
Massagatae can be related to the Gitano who did indeed colonize Europe at a later date.
>><b>There is no difference in the ethnicity of the people known to us as the Huns, the Sakas, and the Kushans.</b>
<b>We finds Hun villages all through Northern India down to Madhya Pradesh. The Huns are found in the Jats and the Gujars.
Athla, " Attila" is still a commn name in Haryana</b>>>
It would make more sense that the Kushans were a Hunnic-Jat Hybrid, just as the Uighurs are hybrids between the ancient LOCAL indo-afgan-fergana types and sino-mongols.
Ravi> The IVC is spread through to Central Asia</b>
They indeed penetrated from the IVC itself. The Indian connection to C Asia has always been subsumed under such obfuscating terms as "Eastern Mediterranean" The antiquity of the Indo-Afghan type in C Asia is v deep. Hemphill:
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->AAPA 2004
East of Eden, west of Cathay: An investigation of Bronze Age
interactions along the Great Silk Road.
B.E. Hemphill
..Results indicate that, despite identification as Europoid and
Mongoloid, inhabitants of <b>Yanbulaq</b> exhibit closest affinities to one
another. No one recovered from Yanbulaq exhibits affinity to Russian
steppe samples. Rather, the people of Yanbulaq possess closest
affinities to other Bronze Age Tarim Basin dwellers,<b> intermediate
affinities to residents of the Indus Valley, </b>and only distant
affinities to Chinese and Tibetan samples
___________________________________________________
..a craniometric study by B. E. Hemphill published in 2000 (after
Genes, Peoples, and Languages had presumably gone to press) indicates
that the Tarim Basin populations had a more complex ancestry than was
initially supposed. [/B]The earliest groups had their closest affinities
with populations from the Indus Valley, and the later ones exhibited
affinities with peoples of the Oxus River Valley of south-central
Asia, with both groups being considerably divergent from one another.
These results argue against a Russian steppe origin for the Tarim
Basin peoples..
___________________________________________________
Craniometric investigation of the Bronze Age settlement of Xinjiang
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2003
Brian E. Hemphill, J.P. Mallory
..Indus Valley samples (HAR, CEMH, and TMG) are located in the lower
left of this array and, once again, t<b>he earliest western Chinese
sample, Qäwrighul (QAW), is identified as possessing closer affinities
to Indus Valley samples </b>than to samples from any other region.
..all analyses of phenetic relationships consistently reveal a
profound phenetic separation between steppe samples and the samples
from the Tarim Basin (Qäwrighul, Alwighul, and Krorän).
..The results, however, fail to demonstrate even a low-level phenetic
affinity between Qäwrighul and either steppe samples or samples from
Oxus civilization urban centers.
..all results indicate that these later inhabitants of the Tarim Basin
manifest a unique affinity to Bactrians.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
Additionally, there is a special relationship beteen Turmenistan and Harappans, where the Shakta temples have been located since deep antiquity.
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Hemphill:Â Indus Valley samples are identified as sharing slightly closer affinity to samples from Iran and Turkmenistan than to Bactrian samples.<!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
<!--QuoteBegin-->QUOTE<!--QuoteEBegin-->Turkmenian samples from Geoksyur (GKS) and Altyn depe (ALT) serve as a phenetic link between Indus Valley samples (HAR, TMG, and CEMH) that feature the closest affinities to one another. <!--QuoteEnd--><!--QuoteEEnd-->
>><b>It is quite possible that troops of Mongolian origin also joined the Huns!
If the two people are interacting it would not be unexpected for them to take Mongolian ladies as wives.</b>>>
Huns are MOngoloid.
>><b>Looking closer these areas are not the barren areas as portrayed by Western writers.</b>
<b>The Bactrian. Marghiana complex, NW of Afghanistan is quite fertile, and evidence of irrigation (canal complexes) goes back to the years 2000 BCE or so at least.</b>>>
Yes, Much more so than their darling Ukraine-W Russia which, contrary to perception, is one huge swamp. St petersburg is a case in point. Also nothing comparable to Bamiyan is to be found in darling Ukraine. There is no contest at all in terms of culture and power.
Canal complexes differentiated the Pontic Sindoi from their neighbors as well. Sinti is a later gypsy tribe. The Sindh (and maybe Jat) connection is obvious.
Massagatae can be related to the Gitano who did indeed colonize Europe at a later date.
>><b>There is no difference in the ethnicity of the people known to us as the Huns, the Sakas, and the Kushans.</b>
<b>We finds Hun villages all through Northern India down to Madhya Pradesh. The Huns are found in the Jats and the Gujars.
Athla, " Attila" is still a commn name in Haryana</b>>>
It would make more sense that the Kushans were a Hunnic-Jat Hybrid, just as the Uighurs are hybrids between the ancient LOCAL indo-afgan-fergana types and sino-mongols.